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本文和大家一起學(xué)托福閱讀之社會(huì)科學(xué)篇—環(huán)保組織推出保護(hù)類人猿計(jì)劃，這篇托福閱讀材料供考生參考使用，希望考生能夠認(rèn)真?zhèn)淇迹A(yù)?？忌軌蚩汲龊贸煽?jī)。

目前公布了一項(xiàng)保護(hù)中非大猩猩和黑猩猩的新行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，計(jì)劃列出了六個(gè)國(guó)家的猿類所面臨的威脅。類人猿面對(duì)哪些生存威脅?拯救類人猿問(wèn)題上為什么需要企業(yè)的幫助，和埃博拉又有哪些關(guān)聯(lián)？和托福小編一起從今天的托福閱讀材料中尋求答案吧！

在進(jìn)行托福閱讀之前 ，一起學(xué)習(xí)一下文章中的疑難詞 ：Unveil vt. 使公諸于眾，揭開

Outline n. 輪廓；大綱；概要vt. 概述；略述

Chimp n. (非洲的)黑猩猩

Gorilla n. 大猩猩

Ape n. 猿adj. 狂熱的

snare n. 陷阱；圈套vt. 捕捉

Domain n. 領(lǐng)域；域名

logging n. 記錄；伐木工作v. 把…鋸成段木

pose vi. 擺姿勢(shì)；佯裝vt. 造成，形成n. 姿勢(shì)，姿態(tài)

Vaccine n. 疫苗adj. 疫苗的

credit n. 信用，信譽(yù)vt. 相信，信任

Conservation Groups Unveil Regional Action Plan to SaveGreat Apes

環(huán)保組織推出保護(hù)類人猿計(jì)劃

A new action plan has been unveiled to protect CentralAfrica ’s gorillas and chimpanzees. It outlines threats to thegreat apes across six countries.

The regional action plan is a joint effort by the InternationalUnion for Conservation of Nature, Wildlife Conservation Society,and World Wildlife Fund among others.

Dr. Fiona Maisels, a conservation scientist for the WildlifeConservation Society, said the plan aims to protect the largenumber of great apes not in protected areas.

“The take home message is that most of the apes are not inthe national parks. They are spread out throughout the whole ofthis region," she said. "We really need to concentrate on

protecting them, not only in the parks, but in the areas wherethey ’re much more vulnerable to hunting.”

Maisels said the chimpanzees are faring better than thegorillas in Central Africa. But both are threatened by hunting,habitat loss and disease.

The nearly 80 percent of great apes outside protected zones,are in areas where private extractive industries operate.

“Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africa isunder selective logging, which means that the forestry

companies are not clear cutting. They don’t do what they do inMalaysia or Brazil, for example," she said. "They just take out afew trees per acre, which means that the forest afterwards is finefor great apes, and indeed, elephants to live in. The problem isthe hunting.”

Maisels said African nations need private industry’s help insaving the great apes.

“So, logging companies need to put in place anti-poachingmeasures to make sure that important endangered wildlifespecies are not hunted,” she said.

Maisels said, however, that hunting is important for manylocal inhabitants.

“People will hunt around villages in Africa to eat. Thatdoesn ’t pose a problem to the species that they normally eat,which [are] small antelopes that live in the forest and largerodents, you know, rather like large rates and things like that,"she said. "But when commercial hunting takes hold much larger

animals get caught, whether deliberately or by accident, andthen those animals are sent to large urban markets.”

The Wildlife Conservation Society scientist said the

long-term survival of chimps and gorillas is put at risk bycommercial hunting.

“It ’s not a food security issue. It’s basically a

conservation issue if a great ape gets caught in a snare or if agreat ape gets shot," Maisels said. "Great apes, like elephants, aremuch less able to reproduce rapidly to reproduce the numbersthat have been killed. And that’s why they’re both onendangered species lists. That’s why they’re both onnationally protected species lists,” she said.

The Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of WesternLowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees also highlightsanother big threat – Ebola.

“We lost thousands and thousands of great apes along theGabon-Congo border about 10 years ago with a massive Ebolaepidemic," Maisels said. "Nothing like as big as the one we’ve seen in West Africa. And it wiped out huge areas of gorillas andchimps in the forest before it got into the villages. The only

reason we knew about it was because people started getting sick.And that’s because they were finding dead animals in the forest– picking them up – taking them home and eating them. Andthen of course it went through villages just it’s done in WestAfrica. ”

Maisels added that current Ebola vaccine research could leadto protection for humans and apes alike.

“If a vaccine can be developed that can be transmitted fromape to ape, once a few apes in the forest have been vaccinated,that would effectively vaccinate the whole population." she said."We ’re a long way from that at the moment, but there arepeople who are trying to do that, which would, of course, not

only protect great ape populations, but would eventually protectall the human populations who are working within their forests.”

The action plan also calls for “improved legal frameworksand stiffer sanctions for poachers；coordinated use and

protection of natural resources with a priority on conservinggreat ape populations；and conservation advocacy to bringabout behavior change toward great apes.”

The previous action plan was released in 2005 and is creditedwith slowing the decline in ape populations.

長(zhǎng)難句：

1.Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africa isunder selective logging, which means that the forestry

companies are not clear cutting.

句子類型：定語(yǔ)從句(嵌套賓語(yǔ)從句)

句子拆分：

主干：Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africais under selective logging

定語(yǔ)從句：which means…(嵌套賓語(yǔ)從句that the forestry

companies are not clear cutting)

翻譯：中非剩下的大多數(shù)森林區(qū)域都面臨選擇性伐木，這意味著森林公司是并不在亂砍濫伐。

2.That doesn’t pose a problem to the species that theynormally eat, which [are] small antelopes that live in the forestand large rodents, you know, rather like large rates and thingslike that.

句子類型：定語(yǔ)從句 插入語(yǔ)

句子拆分：

主干：That doesn’t pose a problem to the species…

定語(yǔ)從句: that they normally eat, which [are] small antelopes(that live in the forest and large rodents)

插入語(yǔ): you know

翻譯：這對(duì)他們經(jīng)常吃的物種來(lái)說(shuō)并沒(méi)有構(gòu)成問(wèn)題，他們吃的一般是生活在森林里的小羚羊和大型嚙齒動(dòng)物，比如大鼠之類的。

文章大意：

目前公布了一項(xiàng)保護(hù)中非大猩猩和黑猩猩的新行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，計(jì)劃列出了六個(gè)國(guó)家的猿類所面臨的威脅。這個(gè)地區(qū)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃是國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)合會(huì)、野生生物保護(hù)學(xué)會(huì)和世界野生物基金會(huì)聯(lián)合發(fā)起的。

中非剩下的大多數(shù)森林區(qū)域都面臨選擇性伐木，這意味著森林公司是并不在亂砍濫伐，比如他們?cè)隈R來(lái)西亞和巴西就不一樣。他們只是每英畝選出少數(shù)樹木，這意味著森林還是適合類人猿和大象的，問(wèn)題在于狩獵。

梅塞爾說(shuō)非洲國(guó)家在拯救類人猿問(wèn)題上需要企業(yè)的幫助。

“人們?cè)诜侵薮迩f各處打獵尋找吃的，這對(duì)他們經(jīng)常吃的物種來(lái)說(shuō)并沒(méi)有構(gòu)成問(wèn)題，他們吃的一般是生活在森林里的小羚羊和大型嚙齒動(dòng)物，比如大鼠之類的。但商業(yè)狩獵會(huì)捕捉更大的動(dòng)物，無(wú)論是故意還是無(wú)意，這些動(dòng)物就被送往大城市的市場(chǎng)上?！?/p>

這位野生生物保護(hù)學(xué)會(huì)科學(xué)家說(shuō)，黑猩猩和大猩猩的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)生存就這樣遭到商業(yè)狩獵的威脅。

西部低地大猩猩和黑猩猩保育中心的地區(qū)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃也強(qiáng)調(diào)了另一個(gè)重大威脅—埃博拉。

“10年前沿加蓬和剛果邊界有成千上萬(wàn)頭類人猿死于大規(guī)模埃博拉疫情，其規(guī)模都不如我們?cè)谖鞣强吹降哪菢哟蟆＿@場(chǎng)疫情席卷了森林里大猩猩和黑猩猩棲息的大片區(qū)域，然后進(jìn)入村莊。我們只是在人們開始患病后才知道這個(gè)疫情，因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)谏掷镎业剿劳龅膭?dòng)物，然后撿起來(lái)帶回家食用，然后當(dāng)然整個(gè)村莊都患病了，就像在西非那樣。”

“如果能開發(fā)出疫苗，就會(huì)在猿類之間進(jìn)行傳播，森林里少數(shù)猿類得到免疫，那么就會(huì)讓整個(gè)猿群得到有效免疫。我們還遠(yuǎn)未實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，但已經(jīng)有人在努力開發(fā)，當(dāng)然這不僅會(huì)保護(hù)類人猿群體，還將最終保護(hù)在森林里工作的人類群體”

該行動(dòng)計(jì)劃還呼吁“改善法律框架并加強(qiáng)對(duì)盜獵者的懲治，協(xié)調(diào)使用和保護(hù)自然資源，重點(diǎn)在保護(hù)類人猿群體，以及進(jìn)行宣傳保護(hù)，對(duì)類人猿做出行為改變?！?/p>

前一個(gè)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃是2005年公布的，因放緩猿群衰減而受到贊譽(yù)。

文章架構(gòu)：

第1-6段：關(guān)于保護(hù)中非大猩猩和黑猩猩行動(dòng)計(jì)劃的介紹，包括計(jì)劃原因、涉及的內(nèi)容、目的。

第7-13段：非洲國(guó)家在拯救類人猿問(wèn)題上需要企業(yè)的幫助

第14-17段：西部低地大猩猩和黑猩猩保育中心的地區(qū)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃也強(qiáng)調(diào)了另一個(gè)重大威脅—埃博拉。目前的埃博拉疫苗研究可以促進(jìn)對(duì)人類和類人猿的保護(hù)。

第18-19段：關(guān)于計(jì)劃的其他呼吁及其因放緩猿群衰減而受到贊譽(yù)。

文章題材：

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