參考文獻(xiàn)格式
3.4.3信度分析以Cronbach 系數(shù)作為信度指標(biāo),檢驗(yàn)問(wèn)卷的內(nèi)部一致性水平。根據(jù)心理測(cè)量要求,若α ≥0.7則表示信度水平較高,分析結(jié)果顯示各因子和總量表的信度系數(shù)均在可接受范圍內(nèi)(見(jiàn)表3.3)
3.4.3信度分析
以Cronbach 系數(shù)作為信度指標(biāo),檢驗(yàn)問(wèn)卷的內(nèi)部一致性水平。根據(jù)心理測(cè)量要求,若α ≥0.7則表示信度水平較高,分析結(jié)果顯示各因子和總量表的信度系數(shù)均在可接受范圍內(nèi)(見(jiàn)表3.3),問(wèn)卷具有較好的信度。
表3.3 WCBA頻率量表的內(nèi)部一致性系數(shù)檢驗(yàn)(n=172)
α系數(shù)
總量表 0.894
等待過(guò)程中的場(chǎng)景
0.830
正在進(jìn)行某事過(guò)程中的場(chǎng)景
0.816
長(zhǎng)時(shí)間外出時(shí)的場(chǎng)景
0.834
3.4.4結(jié)構(gòu)效度分析
本研究使用AMOS 20.0進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證性因素分析,考察三因素模型的擬合情況,檢驗(yàn)正式量表的結(jié)構(gòu)是否符合理論構(gòu)想,驗(yàn)證性因素分析的結(jié)果如表3.4所示。
根據(jù)一些研究者的建議(郭慶科、李芳、陳雪霞、王煒麗、孟慶茂, 2008;溫忠麟、侯杰泰、馬什赫伯特, 2004),研究選用χ2/ df、RMSEA 、NFI 、CFI 、IFI 和NNFI 作為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中χ2/df小于5表示模型擬合較好,小于2表示模型擬合非常好。NFI 、CFI 、IFI 和NNFI 為常用的模型擬合指數(shù),其數(shù)值介于0和1之間,越大表示擬合優(yōu)度越好,其臨界值為0.9;RMSEA 表示近似誤差均方根,它不受樣本容量與模型復(fù)雜程度的影響,值越小代表擬合優(yōu)度越好,其臨界值為0.1。表4.4表明探索性因素分析提出的三因子模型得到了驗(yàn)證性因素分析結(jié)果的支持,量表擬合較好??梢?jiàn)非工作時(shí)間使用便攜式通訊設(shè)備進(jìn)行工作連通行為的頻率量表具有良好的結(jié)構(gòu)效度。
表3.4 驗(yàn)證性因素分析模型擬合指數(shù)(n=172)
模型
χ2
df 51
χ2/ df 2.64
RMSEA 0.077
NFI 0.92
CFI 0.95
IFI 0.95
NNFI 0.92
三因子模型 134.83
1
,4.2.3研究程序
在施測(cè)前對(duì)所有發(fā)放問(wèn)卷的主試進(jìn)行集體培訓(xùn)并發(fā)放調(diào)研指導(dǎo)手冊(cè),使用統(tǒng)一的指導(dǎo)語(yǔ)對(duì)被試進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施測(cè)并當(dāng)場(chǎng)回收問(wèn)卷,所有被試均匿名作答。問(wèn)卷回收后采用人工錄入的方法整理數(shù)據(jù),并用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 20.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。
4.3結(jié)果
4.3.1變量的描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和相關(guān)分析
本研究中,所有變量的描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果見(jiàn)表4.1。所有變量?jī)蓛芍g均呈顯著相關(guān),為中介效應(yīng)的檢驗(yàn)提供了基礎(chǔ)。
表4.1 變量的描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和相關(guān)分析(n=281)
M±SD 12.31±4.11 9.35±4.72 30.76±7.67
12.01±3.43
1 — 0.38***
2
3
4
—
1 工作-家庭中心性 2 WCBA時(shí)間維度 3 WCBA頻率維度 4 心理解脫
—
0.19** 0.43*** — -0.33*** -0.42*** -0.21***
注:*P <0.05,**P <0.01,***P <0.001,下同。
4.3.2非工作時(shí)間工作連通行為的多重中介效應(yīng)檢驗(yàn)
根據(jù)中介變量檢驗(yàn)程序?qū)Ψ枪ぷ鲿r(shí)間的工作連通行為在工作-家庭中心性與心理解脫之間的中介作用進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。在有關(guān)心理解脫和非工作時(shí)間工作連通行為的研究文獻(xiàn)中,員工的人口學(xué)變量經(jīng)常作為重要的額外變量進(jìn)行控制。本研究在進(jìn)行中介效應(yīng)的層級(jí)回歸檢驗(yàn)中均在第一層放入員工的性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、出差情況、職位和公司性質(zhì)這六個(gè)控制變量,以下所有結(jié)果均為控制了上述人口學(xué)變量后得到的結(jié)果。
首先采用層級(jí)回歸分析,第一個(gè)回歸方程考察工作-家庭中心性對(duì)心理解脫的預(yù)測(cè)作用;第二個(gè)回歸方程考察工作-家庭中心性對(duì)中介變量WCBA 時(shí)間和頻率維度的預(yù)測(cè)作用;第三個(gè)回歸方程考察WCBA 時(shí)間、頻率維度和工作-家庭中心性對(duì)心理解脫的預(yù)測(cè)作用。結(jié)果如表4.2所示。
表4.2 WCBA在工作-家庭中心性和心理解脫間的中介效應(yīng)檢驗(yàn)(n=281)
方程一 方程二
預(yù)測(cè)變量 工作-家庭中心性 工作-家庭中心性
因變量 心理解脫 WCBA 時(shí)間
△R 2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化回歸系數(shù) 0.073 0.077
-0.287 0.294
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤 0.049 0.065
t -4.89*** 5.11***
2
,方程三
工作-家庭中心性 工作-家庭中心性 WCBA 時(shí)間 WCBA 頻率
WCBA 頻率 心理解脫
0.015 0.158
0.130 -0.195 -0.308 -0.038
0.115 0.049 0.047 0.027
2.084* -3.32*** -4.79*** -0.636
在層級(jí)回歸的基礎(chǔ)上,采用Sobel 檢驗(yàn)法對(duì)WCBA 時(shí)間和頻率的中介效應(yīng)進(jìn)行
22
檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)的統(tǒng)計(jì)量為:Z =a i b i /S a i b i ,S a b =a i 2s b 。Sobel 檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果見(jiàn)表 b i 2s a
i i
i
i
4.3。根據(jù)MacKinnon 等人(1998)提供的多重中介效應(yīng)Sobel 檢驗(yàn)臨界表,顯著性水平0.05對(duì)應(yīng)的臨界值是0.97,因而WCBA 時(shí)間維度對(duì)工作-家庭中心性與心理解脫的中介效應(yīng)在0.05水平上顯著,WCBA 頻率維度的中介效應(yīng)不顯著。根據(jù)表2的層級(jí)回歸分析,回歸方程加入WCBA 時(shí)間維度后,工作-家庭中心性對(duì)心理解脫的回歸系數(shù)依舊顯著,說(shuō)明WCBA 時(shí)間維度在工作-家庭中心性和心理解脫之間具有部分中介作用。
表4.3 WCBA時(shí)間和WCBA 頻率的Sobel 檢驗(yàn)(n=281)
中介路徑
工作-家庭中心性—> WCBA
時(shí)間—>心理解脫 工作-家庭中心性—> WCBA
頻率—>心理解脫
預(yù)測(cè)變量 工作-家庭中心
性 WCBA 時(shí)間 工作-家庭中心
性 WCBA 頻率
心理解脫 心理解脫 WCBA 頻率 因變量 WCBA 時(shí)間
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化回歸系
數(shù)
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤 0.065 0.047 0.115 0.027
-0.881 Sobel 檢驗(yàn)Z
值 -3.723*
a =0.294***
b =-0.308***
a =0.13* b = -0.038
3
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7